Eighty Years Ago This Week

    Arguably the least known sub-conflict of the Second World War came to an end when Japan pressured the Thai government into ceasing hostilities with the Vichy French regime in Indochina which had just begun.   The Thai army was equipped with British tanks including amphibious Vickers-Carden-Loyd light tanks, which were faced with antique French Renault tanks of First World War vintage. Vickers had been the best-selling tanks of the 1930s because of their low price; they had little else to recommend them. The Japanese calculated that a weak and biddable Vichy government was preferable to a powerful regional force with independent ambitions. Tokyo had little desire to see anything that might push the French authorities in Indochina into any kind of friendship with Britain. Thailand was awarded extensive territorial concessions and the conflict passed as a Thai victory. The House of Commons select committee into the conduct of MP Bob Boothby in what was known as the Czech assets affa

    The Daily Worker newspaper was suppressed on the orders of the Home Secretary, Labour's Herbert Morrison. It was the official organ of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and, as such, a direct mouthpiece for the Soviet Politburo. Just like Neville Chamberlain when he was British prime minister, Stalin was terrified of doing anything that might provoke Hitler, who was notionally his ally. As well as simply publishing what Moscow told it, the Daily Worker had dreamed up the concept of “revolutionary defeatism” as a theoretical justification for its attempts to undermine the British war effort and to promote German victory. It had been especially critical of the government's performance during the Blitz and missed no opportunity to trumpet the Luftwaffe's successes. It had been given a formal warning not to continue to contravene Defence Regulation 2D which made it an offence, “systematically to publish matter calculated to foment opposition to the prosecution

    HMS Illustrious , one of the Royal Navy’s newest aircraft carriers which had launched the devastating strike against the Italian fleet at Taranto, was sailing to help escort ships taking assistance to Greece when she was attacked by Luftwaffe Ju87 dive-bombers. She was hit by six bombs and severely damaged. Her Fulmar two-seat fighters had provided little protection. She made for Malta for urgent repairs and was again bombed by German aircraft in Valetta harbour. But for her armoured flight-deck, she would probably have been sunk. Her ship’s bell was riddled with shrapnel. The attacks came to be known by the Maltese as the Illustrious Blitz. It was a significant escalation of earlier Italian raids on the island, which was to become the most heavily bombed area of Europe in the years that followed as the Axis strove to neutralize it as a key base for attacks on surface shipping in the central Mediterranean. Malta was only 60miles (100km) from airbases in Sicily and thus severely e

    The Italian fortress town of Bardia fell to Australian troops in part of General Wavell’s Operation Compass push into Libya. The attackers were outnumbered almost three to one by the defenders but did have an enormous qualitative superiority in tanks. 27 Matilda MkIIs faced 13 M13/40 medium tanks and over one hundred near worthless L3 tankettes. The M13/40s carried a similar gun to the Matilda’s but it could not penetrate the Matilda’s armour. The attackers’ casualties were almost negligible but the Italians lost heavily and about 36,000 were taken prisoner. The Italian commander Hannibale “Electric Whiskers” Bergonzoli, who had promised Mussolini to fight to the last, and his three divisional commanders escaped. The commander of the last Italian post to offer resistance wore a British MC awarded to him when the countries were allied in the First World War. The attackers continued their drive towards their next objective, Tobruk. Hitler’s intentions in the Balkans gave rise to e

    London suffered probably its most spectacular and damaging air raids of the Blitz, sometimes called the “Second Great Fire of London.” Human casualties were mercifully low: around 160 deaths including 12 of the firemen who fought the blazes, but the City of London financial business district was devastated. A combination of low tide and early bomb damage to a water main left the fire-fighters struggling for water, leading to near-uncontrollable fires throughout the area. The mediaeval Guildhall, seat of the City’s Corporation or local government, was gutted as were eight Wren churches. The print and publishing business concentrated in the narrow lanes around St. Paul’s Cathedral were hard hit but the cathedral itself survived intact. The image of St. Pauls surrounded by smoke and fire was taken by the Daily Mail’s chief photographer from the newspaper’s own office, just down Ludgate Hill. It is probably the most famous image of the Blitz and an icon of British defiance and resilie